Windmill



or sails h h, one to each shaft.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J. S. MORGAN, OF HIGHLAND, ILLINOIS.

WlNDMlLL.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 13,268, dated July 17, 1855.

T0 all whom,l it may con/cern:

Be it known that I, J. SINIORGAN, of Highland, in the county of Madison and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Self-Regulating Horizontal \Vindmill; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specication,in which- Figure l is a side elevation of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the two figures.

The nature of my invention consists in having the sails or wings attached to the ends of horizontal radial arms or wings and arranged in pairs one above and one below the end of each arm, the sails or wings being connected by pinions, so that they will rise and fall simultaneously. The sails or wings have cords attached to them, to which weights are connected and arranged, as will be presently shown, so that a greater or less area of the wings or sails will be presented to the action of the Wind, according to its velocity, and the4 mill be made to receive a uniform motion therefrom, however variable it may be.

A represents a vertical shaft constructed of either wood or metal and of any proper size. The lower end of this shaft runs in a suitable step a, and its upper end is fitted in a suitable bearing b, attached to proper framework. To the top of the shaft there is attached a hub or boss c, to which horizontal radial arms d are connected, any suitable number being employed. The ends of these arms are connected to a rim B, which serves to brace the arms d.

At the ends of the arms d there are attached small plates e, and there are also attached to the arms d at about their centers plates e', two plates on each arm. These plates form bearings for two shafts ff-that is, two shafts to each arm, (see Fig. 1)-one shaft being directly over the other and connected by pinions g g, which gear into each other.

To the shafts ff there are attached wings The wings or sails may be formed of clot-h, wood, sheet metal, or any proper material. If constructed of cloth, the cloth of course will be stretched over frames C, as shown in the drawings.

To each wing or sail there is attached a cord or chain t' at about the center of their edges, as shown in Fig. l. These cords or chains are connected to cords or chains j, which pass through pulleys la, attached to the rim B, and through pulleysl in the hub or boss c. The lower ends of the cords or chains j have weights m attached to them, as shown in Fig. 1.

In consequence of each pair of shafts f f being connected by pinions g g, one shaft will move simultaneously with the other, and also the sails or wings h h, but in opposite directions-that is, toward or from each other.

IVhen the mill is in operation, the wind will open or expand the sails or wings and cause the wind-wheel to rotate, the wings or sails being in a vertical position; but the wind cannot throw the wings or sails over or beyonda vertical position without raising the weights m, the cords or chainsj being of such alength as to allow this. The weights, when not raised by the action of the Sails or wings, rest upon a circular plate D, attached to the vertical shaft A. Thus it will be seen that a light or moderate breeze will expand the sails so that they will be in a vertical position and present their whole surface or area to the action of the Wind; but if the wind increases the wings or sails will be thrown over or beyond a vertical position, raising the weights 'm and presenting a less area or surface to the Wind, and consequently equalizing the speed of the mill. The wings or sails of course close when moving in the face or toward the wind, as the weights only act upon them when moved in one direction.

The above invention is extremely simple, composed of but few parts, is not liable to get out of repair, and is economical to manufacture.

I do not claim, separately, forming the wings or sails in pairs and connecting the saine by pinions, so that the two parts of the sails or wings will move Simultaneously toward and from each other, for this has been previously done, but for the purpose only of allowing the sails to close when moving against the wind and to open when acted upon by Ihe wind, there being no device applied for the purpose of regulating the Wings 0r sails to insure an equal motion 0f the mili.

Vhat I e1aim,theref0re, as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

Conneeting the Weights m te the wings or sails 7L by means of the cords or cbninsj fi,

said wings or sails being` arranged in pairs and Connected by pinionsgg and lche weights and cords or chains, arranged substantially as herein shown and described.

J. S. MORGAN. Witnesses:

JOHN BLATTNER, JOSEPH SUPPIGER. 

